Decreased bone density - Harmony MD

What is decreased bone density?

Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia or osteoporosis, is a condition where bones become weaker and more porous over time. This happens when old bone tissue breaks down faster than new bone tissue can form to replace it.

Some key facts about decreased bone density:

• It typically develops gradually, without symptoms at first
• It can lead to fractures or broken bones from minor impacts or falls that normally would not cause fractures
• It is very common, affecting millions of people
• Women are at higher risk, especially after menopause due to lower estrogen levels

What Causes Loss of Bone Density?

There are a variety of factors that can contribute to decreased bone density:

• Aging - Bone density peaks around age 30, then naturally declines
• Hormone changes - Particularly low estrogen levels in women during menopause
• Genetics & family history - Particularly having a parent who suffered fractures
• Low calcium & vitamin D - Important nutrients that help build bone
• Inactive lifestyle - Weight-bearing exercise helps stimulate bone growth
• Smoking and heavy alcohol use - Can interfere with bone formation

Certain diseases and medications can also increase loss of bone mass.

Symptoms & Complications

In the early stages, decreased bone density often has no obvious symptoms. As it worsens over time, some signs can include:

• Aching joints
• Loss of height over time
• Curved or stooped posture

The most serious complication is fractures, which can occur from a minor fall or even from everyday activities like bending over or coughing. Common fracture sites include the hips, wrists, and vertebrae in the spine, which can lead to a hunchback shape.

Prevention & Treatment

While some bone loss is inevitable with aging, there are things you can do to maintain stronger bones:

• Get enough calcium and vitamin D
• Perform regular weight-bearing & muscle-strengthening exercises
• Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle habits
• Have regular bone density screenings starting at age 65 for women

If decreased bone density is detected early, medications like bisphosphonates can help slow bone loss. These help strengthen bone and reduce fracture risk. In severe cases, surgery may be required to stabilize vulnerable fractures sites.

The key is being proactive about bone health throughout life! Small lifestyle changes make a big difference over decades.

For more information, please visit Harmony MD.