Obesity - Harmony MD

Obesity

Obesity is a complex health condition involving having an excessive amount of body fat. It occurs when a person consumes more calories than they burn through daily physical activity and normal bodily functions. Obesity increases one's risk for other serious health issues like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, mental health conditions, and certain types of cancers.

There are a few key factors that contribute to obesity:

• Diet - Eating high-calorie foods that are high in fat and sugars but low in nutrients on a regular basis causes weight gain over time. Things like fast food, baked goods, and sugary drinks are common culprits.
• Physical inactivity - Not getting enough regular exercise to burn calories leads to weight gain. The CDC recommends 150 minutes of moderate activity like brisk walking each week to maintain health.
• Genetics and family history - Some people inherit a predisposition to gain weight more easily, especially in an environment with abundant food availability.
• Medications - Certain prescription medications used to treat mental health conditions, diabetes, seizures, high blood pressure and inflammation can cause weight gain as a side effect.
• Medical problems - Issues with the thyroid gland, hormone changes, PCOS, Cushing's syndrome, arthritis and others can promote weight gain.

Diagnosing obesity involves calculating one's body mass index (BMI). This measures body fat in relation to height and weight. A BMI over 30 indicates obesity. A doctor will also do lab tests to look for any underlying conditions.

Losing weight requires permanent lifestyle changes - eating more vegetables, fruits and whole grains; choosing lean proteins; lowering sugar and saturated fats; controlling portions; and steadily increasing physical activity. Some may benefit from meeting with a dietitian or nutritionist, joining a weight loss program, taking medications or considering weight loss surgery if other attempts have not led to significant improvements.

The key is finding a personalized plan that is sustainable in the long run. With commitment and support, most people can successfully reach a healthier weight over time through modest but consistent dietary improvements and increased activity. Maintaining the loss then becomes easier. Seeking input from one's doctor is recommended to make sure weight loss attempts are safe given one's medical history.